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Text File | 1992-12-11 | 25.6 KB | 523 lines

SETUP instructions for the Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software ================================================================= This file explains how to configure and compile the JPEG software. We have tried to make this software extremely portable and flexible, so that it can be adapted to almost any environment. The downside of this decision is that the installation process is not very automatic; you will need at least a little familiarity with C programming and program build procedures for your system. This file contains general instructions, then sections of specific hints for certain systems. You may save yourself considerable time if you scan the whole file before starting to do anything. Before installing the software you must unpack the distributed source code. Since you are reading this file, you have probably already succeeded in this task. However, there is one potential trap if you are on a non-Unix system: you may need to convert these files to the local standard text file format (for example, if you are on MS-DOS you probably have to convert LF end-of-line to CR/LF). If so, apply the conversion to all the files EXCEPT those whose names begin with "test". The test files contain binary data; if you change them in any way then the self-test will give bad results. STEP 1: PREPARE A MAKEFILE ========================== First, select a makefile and copy it to "Makefile" (or whatever your version of make uses as the default makefile name; for example, "makefile.mak" for old versions of Borland C). We include several standard makefiles in the distribution: makefile.ansi: for Unix systems with ANSI-compatible C compilers. makefile.unix: for Unix systems with non-ANSI C compilers. makefile.mc5: for Microsoft C 5.x under MS-DOS. makefile.mc6: for Microsoft C 6.x and up under MS-DOS. makefile.bcc: for Borland C (Turbo C) under MS-DOS. makefile.manx: for Manx Aztec C on Amigas. makefile.sas: for SAS C on Amigas. makcjpeg.st: project file for Atari ST/STE/TT Pure C or Turbo C. makdjpeg.st: project file for Atari ST/STE/TT Pure C or Turbo C. makljpeg.st: project file for Atari ST/STE/TT Pure C or Turbo C. makefile.mms: for VAX/VMS systems with MMS. makefile.vms: for VAX/VMS systems without MMS. If you don't see a makefile for your system, we recommend starting from either makefile.ansi or makefile.unix, depending on whether your compiler accepts ANSI C or not. Actually you should start with makefile.ansi whenever your compiler supports ANSI-style function definitions; you don't need full ANSI compatibility. The difference between the two makefiles is that makefile.unix preprocesses the source code to convert function definitions to old-style C. (Our thanks to Peter Deutsch of Aladdin Enterprises for the ansi2knr program.) If you don't know whether your compiler supports ANSI-style function definitions, then take a look at ckconfig.c. It is a test program that will help you figure out this fact, as well as some other facts you'll need in later steps. You must compile and execute ckconfig.c by hand; the makefiles don't provide any support for this. ckconfig.c may not compile the first try (in fact, the whole idea is for it to fail if anything is going to). If you get compile errors, fix them by editing ckconfig.c according to the directions given in ckconfig.c. Once you get it to run, select a makefile according to the advice it prints out, and make any other changes it recommends. Look over the selected Makefile and adjust options as needed. In particular you may want to change the CC and CFLAGS definitions. For instance, if you are using GCC, set CC=gcc. If you had to use any compiler switches to get ckconfig.c to work, make sure the same switches are in CFLAGS. If you are on a system that doesn't use makefiles, you'll need to set up project files (or whatever you do use) to compile all the source files and link them into executable files cjpeg and djpeg. See the file lists in any of the makefiles to find out which files go into each program. As a last resort, you can make a batch script that just compiles everything and links it all together; makefile.vms is an example of this (it's for VMS systems that have no make-like utility). STEP 2: EDIT JCONFIG.H ====================== Look over jconfig.h and adjust #defines to reflect the properties of your system and C compiler. If you prefer, you can usually leave jconfig.h unmodified and add -Dsymbol switches to the Makefile's CFLAGS definition. (This is already done if you used a compiler-specific makefile in step 1.) However, putting the switches in the Makefile is a bad idea if you are going to incorporate the JPEG software into other programs --- you'd need to include the same -D switches in the other programs' Makefiles. Better to change jconfig.h. If you have an ANSI-compliant C compiler, no changes should be necessary except perhaps for RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED and TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE. For older compilers other changes may be needed, depending on what ANSI features are supported. If you don't know enough about C programming to understand the questions in jconfig.h, then use ckconfig.c to figure out what to change. (See description of ckconfig.c in step 1.) A note about TWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE: defining this selects the command line syntax in which the input and output files are both named on the command line. If it's not defined, the output image goes to standard output, and the input can optionally come from standard input. You MUST use two-file style on any system that doesn't cope well with binary data fed through stdin/stdout; this is true for most MS-DOS compilers, for example. If you're not on a Unix system, it's probably safest to assume you need two-file style. STEP 3: SELECT SYSTEM-DEPENDENT FILES ===================================== A few places in the JPEG software are so system-dependent that we have to provide several different implementations and let you select the one you need. The only system-dependent file in the current version is jmemsys.c. This file controls use of temporary files for big images that won't fit in main memory. You'll notice there is no file named jmemsys.c in the distribution; you must select one of the provided versions and copy, rename, or link it to jmemsys.c. Here are the provided versions: jmemansi.c This is a reasonably portable version that should work on most ANSI and near-ANSI C compilers. It uses the ANSI-standard library routine tmpfile(), which not all non-ANSI systems have. On some systems tmpfile() may put the temporary file in a non-optimal location; if you don't like what it does, use jmemname.c. jmemname.c This version constructs the temp file name by itself. For anything except a Unix machine, you'll need to configure the select_file_name() routine appropriately; see the comments near the head of jmemname.c. If you use this version, define NEED_SIGNAL_CATCHER in jconfig.h or in the Makefile to make sure the temp files are removed if the program is aborted. jmemnobs.c (That stands for No Backing Store :-). This will compile on almost any system, but it assumes you have enough main memory or virtual memory to hold the biggest images you need to work with. jmemdos.c This should be used in most MS-DOS installations; see the system-specific notes about MS-DOS for more info. IMPORTANT: if you use this, also copy jmemdos.h to jmemsys.h, replacing the standard version. ALSO, include the assembly file jmemdosa.asm in the programs. (This last is already done if you used one of the supplied MS-DOS-specific makefiles.) If you have plenty of (real or virtual) main memory, just use jmemnobs.c. "Plenty" means at least ten bytes for every pixel in the largest images you plan to process, so a lot of systems don't meet this criterion. If yours doesn't, try jmemansi.c first. If that doesn't compile, you'll have to use jmemname.c; be sure to adjust select_file_name() for local conditions. You may also need to change unlink() to remove() in close_backing_store(). Except with jmemnobs.c, you need to adjust the #define DEFAULT_MAX_MEM to a reasonable value for your system (either by editing jmemsys.c, or by adding a -D switch to the Makefile). This value limits the amount of data space the program will attempt to allocate. Code and static data space isn't counted, so the actual memory needs for cjpeg or djpeg are typically 100 to 150Kb more than the max-memory setting. Larger max-memory settings reduce the amount of I/O needed to process a large image, but too large a value can result in "insufficient memory" failures. On most Unix machines (and other systems with virtual memory), just set DEFAULT_MAX_MEM to several million and forget it. At the other end of the spectrum, for MS-DOS machines you probably can't go much above 300K to 400K. (On MS-DOS the value refers to conventional memory; extended/expanded memory is handled separately by jmemdos.c.) STEP 4: MAKE ============ Now you should be able to "make" the software. If you have trouble with missing system include files or inclusion of the wrong ones, look at jinclude.h (or use ckconfig.c, if you are not a C expert). If your compiler complains about big_sarray_control and big_barray_control being undefined structures, you should be able to shut it up by adding -DINCOMPLETE_TYPES_BROKEN to CFLAGS (or add #define INCOMPLETE_TYPES_BROKEN to jconfig.h). If you don't have a getenv() library routine, define NO_GETENV. There are a fair number of routines that do not use all of their parameters; some compilers will issue warnings about this, which you can ignore. Any other warning deserves investigation. STEP 5: TEST ============ As a quick test of functionality we've included a small sample image in several forms: testorig.jpg A reduced section of the well-known Lenna picture. testimg.ppm The output of djpeg testorig.jpg testimg.gif The output of djpeg -gif testorig.jpg testimg.jpg The output of cjpeg testimg.ppm (The two .jpg files aren't identical since JPEG is lossy.) If you can generate duplicates of the testimg.* files then you probably have working programs. With most of the makefiles, "make test" will perform the necessary comparisons. If you're using a makefile that doesn't provide this option, run djpeg and cjpeg to generate testout.ppm, testout.gif, and testout.jpg, then compare these to testimg.* with whatever binary file comparison tool you have. The files should be bit-for-bit identical. If the cjpeg test run fails with "Missing Huffman code table entry", it's a good bet that you needed to define RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED. Go back to step 2 and run ckconfig.c. (This is a good plan for any other test failure, too.) If your choice of jmemsys.c was anything other than jmemnobs.c, you should test that temporary-file usage works. Try "djpeg -gif -max 0 testorig.jpg" and make sure its output matches testimg.gif. If you have any really large images handy, try compressing them with -optimize and/or decompressing with -gif to make sure your DEFAULT_MAX_MEM setting is not too large. NOTE: this is far from an exhaustive test of the JPEG software; some modules, such as 1-pass color quantization, are not exercised at all. It's just a quick test to give you some confidence that you haven't missed something major. STEP 6: INSTALLATION ==================== Once you're done with the above steps, you can install the software by copying the executable files (cjpeg and djpeg) to wherever you normally install programs. On Unix systems, you'll also want to put cjpeg.1 and djpeg.1 in the corresponding manual directory. (The makefiles don't support this step since there's such a wide variety of installation procedures on different systems.) To learn to use the programs, read the file USAGE (or manual pages cjpeg(1) and djpeg(1) on Unix). OPTIMIZATION ============ Unless you own a Cray, you'll probably be interested in making the JPEG software go as fast as possible. This section covers some machine-dependent optimizations you may want to try. We suggest that before trying any of this, you first get the basic installation to pass the self-test (step 5 above). Repeat the self-test after any optimization to make sure that you haven't broken anything. The JPEG DCT routines perform a lot of multiplications. These multiplications must yield 32-bit results, but none of their input values are more than 16 bits wide. On many machines, notably the 680x0 and 80x86 CPUs, a 16x16=>32 bit multiply instruction is faster than a full 32x32=>32 bit multiply. Unfortunately there is no portable way to specify such a multiplication in C, but some compilers can generate one when you use the right combination of casts. See the MULTIPLY macro definitions in jfwddct.c and jrevdct.c. If your compiler makes "int" be 32 bits and "short" be 16 bits, defining SHORTxSHORT_32 is fairly likely to work. When experimenting with alternate definitions, be sure to test not only whether the code still works (use the self-test step), but also whether it is actually faster --- on some compilers, alternate definitions may compute the right answer, yet be slower than the default. Timing cjpeg on a large PPM input file is the best way to check this, as the DCT will be the largest fraction of the runtime in that mode. (Note: some of the distributed compiler-specific makefiles already contain -D switches to select an appropriate MULTIPLY definition.) If access to "short" arrays is slow on your machine, it may be a win to define type DCTELEM as int rather than as JCOEF (which is normally defined as short). This will cause the DCT routines to operate on int arrays instead of short arrays. If shorts are slow and you have lots of memory to burn, you might even make JCOEF itself be int. If your compiler can compile function calls in-line, make sure the INLINE macro in jconfig.h is defined as the keyword that marks a function inline-able. Some compilers have a switch that tells the compiler to inline any function it thinks is profitable (e.g., -finline-functions for gcc). Enabling such a switch is likely to make the compiled code bigger but faster. In general, it's worth trying the maximum optimization level of your compiler, and experimenting with any optional optimizations such as loop unrolling. (Unfortunately, far too many compilers have optimizer bugs ... be prepared to back off if the code fails self-test.) If you do any experimentation along these lines, please report the optimal settings to jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net so we can mention them in future releases. Be sure to specify your machine and compiler version. OPTIONAL STUFF ============== Progress monitor: If you like, you can #define PROGRESS_REPORT (in jconfig.h or in the Makefile) to enable display of percent-done progress reports. The routines provided in jcmain.c/jdmain.c merely print percentages to stderr, but you can customize them to do something fancier. Utah RLE file format support: We distribute the software with support for RLE image files (Utah Raster Toolkit format) disabled, because the RLE support won't compile without the Utah library. If you have URT version 3.0, you can enable RLE support as follows: 1. #define RLE_SUPPORTED in jconfig.h or in the Makefile. 2. Add a -I option to CFLAGS in the Makefile for the directory containing the URT .h files (typically the "include" subdirectory of the URT distribution). 3. Add -L... -lrle to LDLIBS in the Makefile, where ... specifies the directory containing the URT "librle.a" file (typically the "lib" subdirectory of the URT distribution). JPEG library: If you want to incorporate the JPEG code as subroutines in a larger program, we recommend that you make libjpeg.a, then link that into your surrounding program. See file README for more info. CAUTION: When you use the JPEG code as subroutines, we recommend that you make any required configuration changes by modifying jconfig.h, not by adding -D switches to the Makefile. Otherwise you must be sure to provide the same -D switches when compiling any program that includes the JPEG .h files, to ensure that the parameter structures are interpreted the same way. (This is only critical for the first few symbols mentioned in jconfig.h, down through NEED_FAR_POINTERS.) Removing code: If you need to make a smaller version of the JPEG software, some optional functions can be removed at compile time. See the xxx_SUPPORTED #defines in jconfig.h. If at all possible, we recommend that you leave in decoder support for all valid JPEG files, to ensure that you can read anyone's output. Restricting your encoder, or removing optional functions like block smoothing, won't hurt compatibility. Taking out support for image file formats that you don't use is the most painless way to make the programs smaller. NOTES FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS ========================== We welcome reports on changes needed for systems not mentioned here. Submit 'em to jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net. Also, if ckconfig.c is wrong about how to configure the JPEG software for your system, please let us know. Amiga: Makefiles are provided for Manx Aztec C and SAS C. I have also heard from people who have compiled with the free DICE compiler, using makefile.ansi as a starting point (set "CC= dcc" and "CFLAGS= -c -DAMIGA -DTWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE -DNEED_SIGNAL_CATCHER" in the makefile). For all compilers, we recommend you use jmemname.c as the system-dependent memory manager. Assuming you have -DAMIGA in the makefile, jmemname.c will put temporary files in JPEGTMP:. Change jmemname.c if you don't like this. Atari: The project files provided should work as-is with Pure C. For Turbo C, change library filenames "PC..." to "TC..." in the project files for cjpeg.ttp and djpeg.ttp. Don't forget to select a jmemsys.c file, see Step 3 (we recommend jmemansi.c). Also adjust the DEFAULT_MAX_MEM setting --- you probably want it to be a couple hundred K less than your normal free memory. Note that you must make jpeg.lib before making cjpeg.ttp or cjpeg.ttp. You'll have to perform the self-test (Step 5) by hand. There is a bug in some older versions of the Turbo C library which causes the space used by temporary files created with "tmpfile()" not to be freed after an abnormal program exit. If you check your disk afterwards, you will find cluster chains that are allocated but not used by a file. This should not happen in cjpeg or djpeg, since we enable a signal catcher to explicitly close temp files before exiting. But if you use the JPEG library with your own code, be sure to supply a signal catcher, or else use a different system-dependent memory manager. Cray: Should you be so fortunate as to be running JPEG on a Cray YMP, there is a compiler bug in Cray's Standard C versions prior to 3.1. You'll need to insert a line reading "#pragma novector" just before the loop for (i = 1; i <= (int) htbl->bits[l]; i++) huffsize[p++] = (char) l; in fix_huff_tbl (in V3, line 42 of jchuff.c and line 38 of jdhuff.c). The usual symptom of not adding this line is a core-dump. See Cray's SPR 48222. HP/Apollo DOMAIN: With system release 10.4 or later, makefile.ansi should work OK. If you have version 10.3.anything, you need to figure out whether you have the ANSI C compiler (version 6.7 or later) and whether you've installed the ANSI C include files (if so, the first line of <stdio.h> will mention ANSI C). If you have the ANSI C compiler but not the ANSI C include files, use makefile.ansi and add -DNONANSI_INCLUDES to CFLAGS. If you have both, then makefile.ansi should work as is. If neither, use makefile.unix. HP-UX: If you have HP-UX 7.05 or later with the "software development" C compiler, then you can use makefile.ansi. Add "-Aa" to the CFLAGS line in the makefile to make the compiler work in ANSI mode. If you have a pre-7.05 system, or if you are using the non-ANSI C compiler delivered with a minimum HP-UX 8.0 system, then you must use makefile.unix (and do NOT add -Aa). Also, adding "-lmalloc" to LDLIBS is recommended if you have libmalloc.a (it seems not to be present in minimum 8.0). On HP 9000 series 800 machines, the HP C compiler is buggy in revisions prior to A.08.07. If you get complaints about "not a typedef name", you'll have to convert the code to K&R style (i.e., use makefile.unix). Macintosh MPW: We don't directly support MPW in the current release, but Larry Rosenstein reports that the JPEG code can be ported without very much trouble. There's useful notes and conversion scripts in his kit for porting PBMPLUS to MPW. You can obtain the kit by FTP to ftp.apple.com, file /pub/lsr/pbmplus-port*. Macintosh Think C: You'll have to prepare project files for cjpeg and djpeg; we don't include those in the distribution since they are not text files. The COBJECTS and DOBJECTS lists in makefile.unix show which files should be included in each project. Also add the ANSI and Unix C libraries in a separate segment. You may need to divide the JPEG files into more than one segment; you can do this pretty much as you please. If you have Think C version 5.0 you need not modify jconfig.h; instead you should turn on both the ANSI Settings and Language Extensions option buttons (so that both __STDC__ and THINK_C are predefined). With version 4.0 you must edit jconfig.h. (You can #define HAVE_STDC to do the right thing for all options except const; you must also #define const.) jcmain and jdmain are set up to provide the usual command-line interface by means of Think's ccommand() library routine. A more Mac-like interface is in the works. MS-DOS, generic comments: The JPEG code is designed to be compiled with 80x86 "small" or "medium" memory models (i.e., data pointers are 16 bits unless explicitly declared "far"; code pointers can be either size). You should be able to use small model to compile cjpeg or djpeg by itself, but you will probably have to go to medium model if you include the JPEG code in a larger application. This shouldn't hurt performance much. You *will* take a noticeable performance hit if you compile in a large-data memory model, and you should avoid "huge" model if at all possible. Be sure that NEED_FAR_POINTERS is defined by jconfig.h or by the Makefile if you use a small-data model; be sure it is NOT defined if you use a large-data memory model. (As distributed, jconfig.h defines NEED_FAR_POINTERS if MSDOS is defined.) The DOS-specific memory manager, jmemdos.c, should be used if possible. (Be sure to install jmemdos.h and jmemdosa.asm along with it.) If you can't use jmemdos.c for some reason --- for example, because you don't have a Microsoft-compatible assembler to assemble jmemdosa.asm --- you'll have to fall back to jmemansi.c or jmemname.c. IMPORTANT: if you use either of the latter two files, you will have to compile in a large-data memory model in order to get the right stdio library. Too bad. None of the above advice applies if you are using a 386 flat-memory-space environment, such as DJGPP or Watcom C. (And you should use one if you have it, as performance will be much better than 8086-compatible code!) For flat-memory-space compilers, do NOT define NEED_FAR_POINTERS, and do NOT use jmemdos.c. Use jmemnobs.c if the environment supplies adequate virtual memory, otherwise use jmemansi.c or jmemname.c. Most MS-DOS compilers treat stdin/stdout as text files, so you must use two-file command line style. But if your compiler has the setmode() library routine, you can define USE_SETMODE to get one-file style. (Don't forget to change the "make test" script in the Makefile if you do so.) If you add more switches to CFLAGS in the DOS-specific makefiles, you are likely to run up against DOS' 128-byte command line length limit. In that case, remove some "-Dsymbol" switches from CFLAGS and instead put corresponding "#define symbol" lines at the head of jinclude.h. MS-DOS, Borland C: Be sure to convert all the source files to DOS text format (CR/LF newlines). Although Borland C will often work OK with unmodified Unix (LF newlines) source files, sometimes it will give bogus compile errors. "Illegal character '#'" is the most common such error. Some versions of Borland's MAKE erroneously display the warning message about creating jmemsys.c, even after you have done so. If this happens to you, delete the four lines beginning with "jmemsys.c:" from the Makefile. MS-DOS, DJGPP: Use makefile.ansi and jmemnobs.c, and put "-UMSDOS" in CFLAGS to undo the compiler's automatic definition of MSDOS. Also put either "-DUSE_SETMODE" or "-DTWO_FILE_COMMANDLINE" in CFLAGS, depending on whether you prefer one-file or two-file command line style. (If you choose two-file style, change the "make test" section of the Makefile accordingly.) You'll also need to put the object-file lists into response files in order to circumvent DOS's 128-byte command line length limit at the final linking step. MS-DOS, Microsoft C: Old versions of MS C fail with an "out of macro expansion space" error because they can't cope with the macro TRACEMS8 (defined in jpegdata.h). If this happens to you, the easiest solution is to change TRACEMS8 to expand to nothing. You'll lose the ability to dump out JPEG coefficient tables with djpeg -debug -debug, but at least you can compile. Original MS C 6.0 is buggy; it compiles incorrect code unless you turn off optimization (remove -O from CFLAGS). That problem seems to have been fixed in 6.00A and later versions. 6.00A still generates a bogus "conditional expression is constant" warning in jrdppm.c, but the emitted code seems OK. SGI: Use makefile.ansi, but set "AR2= ar -ts" rather than "AR2= ranlib". Also make any changes recommended by ckconfig.c. Sun: Don't forget to add -DBSD to CFLAGS. If you are using GCC on SunOS 4.0.1 or earlier, you will need to add -DNONANSI_INCLUDES to CFLAGS (your compiler may be ANSI, but your system include files aren't). I've gotten conflicting reports on whether this is still necessary on SunOS 4.1 or later.